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eBook details

• Title: Septuagint: Deuteronomy
• Author : Scriptural Research Institute
• Release Date : January 14, 2020
• Genre: Bible Studies,Books,Religion & Spirituality,Judaism,
• Pages : * pages
• Size : 367 KB

Description

The differences between the Masoretic and the Septuagint's version of Deuteronomy, and several other books in the two collections of scriptures are both minor and startling, as the two sets of scriptures contain the same stories, but different Gods. The Masoretic Texts are mostly about the actions of Yahweh, Yahweh Elohim, Yahweh Sabaoth, or Elohim, while the Septuagint contains the Greek translations of various god's names that appear to have been redacted by the Hasmoneans. The God of the book of Deuteronomy in the Septuagint is called Lord God (κύριος ὁ θεὸς) or simplified to Lord (κύριος), or God (θεὸς). These terms are mirrored in the Masoretic Texts by Yahweh Elohim (יְהֹוָה אלהים), Yahweh (יְהֹוָה), Elohim (אלהים) respectively. One explanation for the difference between the texts it the Christian redaction of the 3rd-century AD, when the name Iaw (Yahweh) was removed from the Septuagint, replaced by Lord (κύριος). Fragments of older Septuagint manuscripts still exist that contain the name Yahweh, transliterated into Greek as Iaw (Ιαω), however, none of the fragments of the Book of Deuteronomy include the name. The name Yahweh (יהוה / 𐤉𐤄𐤅𐤄) is found in a few fragments of Deuteronomy found among the Dead Sea Scrolls, however, only one that is believed to date back to before the Hasmonean dynasty, 5QDeut, which dates to the Maccabean Revolt that created the Hasmonean dynasty.

The Greek terms in Deuteronomy are translations of known Canaanite gods, most especially, El, the Canaanite creator-god. El translates in Canaanite, Aramaic, and Hebrew as 'God,' and was the primary god worshiped in ancient Canaan in the era Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob were reported to have passed through the area. El was also the patron-god of the Temple of El, built by Jacob near the modern city of Nablus in the Palestinian West Bank, which featured in many of the early Hebrew scriptures before Samaria was conquered by the Assyrian Empire. In the Book of Micah, the Temple of El was referred to as Jacob's Temple of El, which confirms that the Israelites in the 8th-century BC considered the Temple of El at Shiloh to be the Temple of El that Jacob built, in Genesis chapter 35.

If the Greeks translated the Septuagint accurately, which everything other than the names of God indicates, then the term God (θεὸς) would have been El (𐤀𐤋) in the texts they translated. Likewise, Lord God (κύριος ὁ θεὸς) would have been Adon Elohim (𐤀𐤃𐤍 𐤀𐤋𐤌), the title of El, which translates as 'Father of the gods,' and Lord (κύριος) would have either been Ba'al (𐤁𐤏𐤋) or Adon (𐤀𐤃𐤍), both meaning variations of lord, master, or father. Adon Elohim (𐤀𐤃𐤍 𐤀𐤋𐤌) was a Canaanite title for El, found in the Ugaritic Texts. One of the complaints the prophet Hosea made against the Israelites in the 700s BC, was that they kept calling God 'Ba'al,' meaning the word should have been in the scriptures, yet, it was never applied to God in the Masoretic Texts. Likewise, El, the Hebrew word meaning 'God' is also missing in almost every place where God is mentioned, which is a seemingly impossible situation in a collection of books about God. The word el (אל), meaning 'god,' is used throughout the Septuagint, but generally in relation to other gods, or as a part of a name, such as Israel, or Beth-El, proving El was of primary importance throughout the early era of the Israelite religion, before they adopted Iaw. There is an exception in Deuteronomy, where the word God (θεοῦ) in the Septuagint is mirrored by El (אֵ֥ל) in the Masoretic Texts, and in both texts appears to be a proper name.

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